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Random Parentage Verification 6-10 Puppies (Belgium)

With the Random Parentage Verification 6-10 Puppies (Belgium), you can verify the parentage of your puppies. This test is specifically set-up to comply with Flemish legislation. It uses ISAG 2020 SNP technology, a reliable and globally recognized method for parentage verification in animals. This test is suitable for litters of six to ten puppies, with two puppies randomly selected from the litter for parentage verification.

To conduct this test, you will need a special form available through the Flemish associations. We kindly ask you to provide the swabs labeled with microchip numbers and the form signed by a veterinarian, including all details of the puppies and parents. For this test, it is essential that an ISAG 2020 SNP profile is on file for both parents. If a DNA profile is not yet available for one or both parent animals, these must be ordered additionally. The test verifies the parentage of the randomly selected puppies against the alleged parents.
You will only receive a parentage verification report for the randomly tested puppies. If the parentage of the randomly selected puppy or puppies is excluded, you need to request a parentage verification test for each individual puppy in the litter.

Random Parentage Verification >10 Puppies (Belgium)

With the Random Parentage Verification >10 Puppies (Belgium), you can verify the parentage of your puppies. This test is specifically set-up to comply with Flemish legislation. It uses ISAG 2020 SNP technology, a reliable and globally recognized method for parentage verification in animals. This test is suitable for litters of ten pupies and more, with three puppies randomly selected from the litter for parentage verification.

To conduct this test, you will need a special form available through the Flemish associations. We kindly ask you to provide the swabs labeled with microchip numbers and the form signed by a veterinarian, including all details of the puppies and parents. For this test, it is essential that an ISAG 2020 SNP profile is on file for both parents. If a DNA profile is not yet available for one or both parent animals, these must be ordered additionally. The test verifies the parentage of the randomly selected puppies against the alleged parents.
You will only receive a parentage verification report for the randomly tested puppies. If the parentage of the randomly selected puppy or puppies is excluded, you need to request a parentage verification test for each individual puppy in the litter.

Random Parentage Verification 1-5 Puppies (Belgium)

With the Random Parentage Verification 1-5 Puppies (Belgium), you can verify the parentage of your puppies. This test is specifically set-up to comply with Flemish legislation. It uses ISAG 2020 SNP technology, a reliable and globally recognized method for parentage verification in animals. This test is suitable for litters of one to five puppies, with one puppy randomly selected from the litter for parentage verification.

To conduct this test, you will need a special form available through the Flemish associations. We kindly ask you to provide the swabs labeled with microchip numbers and the form signed by a veterinarian, including all details of the puppies and parents. For this test, it is essential that an ISAG 2020 SNP profile is on file for both parents. If a DNA profile is not yet available for one or both parent animals, these must be ordered additionally. The test verifies the parentage of the randomly selected puppy against the alleged parents.
You will only receive a parentage verification report for the randomly tested puppy. If the parentage of the randomly selected puppy is excluded, you need to request a parentage verification test for each individual puppy in the litter.

Body Size (5 variants) – Dog

Despite all being descendants of the grey wolf, the many breeds of the domestic dog are extremely diverse in terms of body size and weight. Size is a highly complex trait, influenced by a wide array of factors. However, research has shown that a significant part of body size variation in dog breeds can be linked to seven specific genetic markers. This test analyses for five of these markers.

This trait is of multifactorial origin; the described features are the result of a combination of factors from several genes and the environment.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type 1 – Cat All Breeds

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) Type I is most likely caused by a mutation in the COL5A1 gene. This results in defective collagen synthesis or impaired assembly of the collagen structure. Collagen is the main component of connective tissue, and it is the most abundant protein in mammals. It is mostly found in tendons, ligaments, and skin, but also in bones, blood vessels and many other tissues.

Degenerative Myelopathy Exon 1 (DM Exon 1) – Bernese Mountain Dog

Canine Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is an incurable progressive neurodegenerative disease of the spinal cord. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) which leads to deficiencies in function. In the case of DM, the affected region is the spinal cord, which results in ataxia (a loss of coordination). DM is similar in many ways to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in humans.

This variant of the disease, known as SOD1B or as Degenerative Myelopathy Exon 1, occurs specifically in the Bernese Mountain Dog. It is caused by an autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance mutation to the gene SOD1. A related variant has been observed in a wide range of breeds. When testing a Bernese Mountain Dog for DM, it is important to test for both of these variants, as opposed to only one.

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) – Dog

Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a disorder that affects skeletal muscle function during anaesthesia. It typically remains unnoticed unless triggered, most often by certain anesthetic drugs. When activated, it can cause a rapid and severe reaction involving abnormal muscle activity and dangerously accelerated metabolism. MH is caused by a mutation in the RYR1 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This mutation has been identified in several breeds, including Doberman, Labrador Retriever, Rough Collie, Smooth Collie and German Shepherd.

Hair Shaft Dysplasia – Cat

Hair Shaft Dysplasia is a disorder that affects the structure of hair, causing broken/split hairs, hair loss and potentially skin discomfort. In domestic cats, two different recessive mutations to the gene DSG4 can cause hair shaft dysplasia.

Affected cats experience general hair loss within the first months of life, particularly along the ears, face, back and legs. Their hairs are short and often split or broken, with bulbous swellings on the shafts on microscopic examination. Likewise, affected cats’ whiskers may be short and broken.

Juvenile Brain Disease (JBD) – Juvenile Encephalopathy

Juvenile Brain Disease (JBD), also known as Juvenile Encephalopathy, is a severe neurological condition. It causes a lack of coordination in movement, severe brain deterioration and epilepsy. The disease is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation to the pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 (PITRM1) gene. It is observed in the Parson Russell Terrier and Jack Russel Terrier.

Microphthalmia (DNAJC21-related) – Portuguese Water Dog

Microphthalmia is a birth defect that affects eye development. It happens due to an autosomal recessive mutation in the DNAJC21 gene, which is part of the HSP40 protein family. This mutation can also cause problems with blood cell formation. It is observed in the Portugese Water Dog.

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (L2HGA) – Staffordshire Bull Terrier

L‐2‐Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (L2-HGA) is a rare metabolic disease that can cause nerve damage, muscle cramps and seizures. As the disorder was discovered in the Staffordshire Bull Terrier, it is also occasionally known as “Staffy Cramp”. It is caused by a recessive mutation to the gene L2HGDH. This variant occurs in the Staffordshire Bull Terrier. A related variant has been observed in the Yorkshire Terrier.

B-locus

The Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1 (TYRP1) gene, also known as Brown gene or B-Locus controls the dilution from black pigment to brown. The TYRP1 gene has no effect on the hair colour of dogs that are homozygous ee for the E-Locus as they do not have black pigment, but does have an effect on the colour of the nose and foot pads of these dogs. The Coat Colour B-Locus (H733) tests for the genetic status of the B-Locus. The B-Locus has four variants (alleles). The B allele is dominant and does not dilute the black pigment. From the recessive b allele three variants exist bs, bd and bc. All three variants of the recessive b allele have the same effect resulting in dilution of the black pigment into brown/chocolate/liver. Only when the dog has two copies of the recessive allele b (homozygous bb) the black pigment will be diluted to brown/chocolate/liver. For dogs that are red/yellow/cream and carry two copies of the recessive allele b the hair colour is not diluted but the colour of the nose and foot pads is changed from black to brown. In some breeds other mutations are present that cause chocolate colour that have not been identified yet.

The Coat Colour B-Locus test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour B-Locus test are shown in combination with the possible results for the E-Locus):

B-Locus	E-Locus	Coat Colour	Nose/foot pads
B/B	Em/Em, Em/E or Em/e	Black, melanistic mask is not visible	Black
B/B	E/E or E/e	Black, no melanistic mask	Black
B/B	e/e	Red/Yellow/Cream	Black
B/b*	Em/Em, Em/E or Em/e	Black, melanistic mask is not visible	Black
B/b*	E/E or E/e	Black, no melanistic mask	Black
B/b*	e/e	Red/Yellow/Cream	Black
b/b*	Em/Em, Em/E or Em/e	Brown/chocolate/liver, with melanistic mask	Brown
b/b*	E/E or E/e	Brown/chocolate/liver, no melanistic mask	Brown
b/b*	e/e	Red/Yellow/Cream	Brown
> 2b	This dog carries more than two b-alleles. The colour of this dog can be brown or black. Option 1: The dog is black. In this case it also carries one copy of the B-allele. Option 2: The dog is brown. In this case it carries only b-alleles.

* Three variants (bs,bc and bd ) of the b-allele are known. Since all three variants result in the same effect, in the above scheme all variants are named b. (B/bc, B/bd and B/bs are in the above scheme B/b. bc/bc, bc/bd/bd/bd, bs/bc, bs/bd and bs/bs are in the above scheme b/b).

Congenital Mirror Movement Disorder 1 (CMM1, EFNB3-related)

Congenital Mirror Movement Disorder 1 (CMM1) is an autosomal recessive movement disorder that affects the Weimaraner breed. In dogs with CMM1, nerve pathways in the spinal cord switch sides. This alteration prevents affected dogs from controlling each hind leg independently, leading to the characteristic bunny hopping gait. This gait might be occasionally observed in the front legs as well, though the primary focus is on the hind legs. The disorder is caused by a mutation in the EFNB3 gene that results in spinal cord malformations during embryonic development.

Van den Ende-Gupta Syndrome (VDEGS)

Van den Ende-Gupta Syndrome (VDEGS) is a hereditary skeletal disorder. It is due to an autosomal recessive mutation in the scavenger receptor class F, member 2 (SCARF2) gene, which plays a critical role in the bone mineralization and skeletal development. VDEGS is characterized by significant skeletal abnormalities such as joint luxations and related orthopedic issues. It is a rare but severe disorder that is primarily seen in Wire Fox Terriers.

Couleur de la robe Tobiano

The Dominant White coat colour pattern in horses can be caused by any in a wide array of related mutations. The resulting pattern can vary anywhere between white markings on the face and legs, up to a completely white coat. Depending on both breed and pattern, variants of the Dominant White phenotype may be referred to as Splashed White, White Spotting, Tobiano or Sabino, among others.

The variant analysed in this test, known as Tobiano, is caused by an incomplete dominant mutation to the gene KIT. The variant is present in approximately 86% of Lewitzer horses with tobiano patterning, and has also been found in the Irish Cob, Gypsy Vanner and Tinker.

Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia (GT) 2 – Horse

Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia (GT) is a bleeding disorder caused by defective platelets, which results in an inability for blood to clot properly. This variant of the disease, found in the Quarter Horse and Thoroughbred, is caused by a recessive mutation to the gene ITGA2B. A related variant is also found in the Quarter Horse, as well as the Peruvian Paso.

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) – Basset Hound

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a bilateral eye disorder that results in increased pressure inside the eyes. It is often caused by problems in the trabecular meshwork (TM) and the anterior chamber (the front part of the eye), which impair the normal drainage of aqueous humour. This impaired drainage leads to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which damages the optic nerve and gradually leads to the death of retinal ganglion cells. As a result, the condition causes pain, progressive vision loss, and eventually blindness.

This variant of this disease, caused by a recessive mutation in the ADAMTS17 gene, occurs in the Basset Hound.

Similar variants have also been identified in the Basset Fauve de Bretagne, Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen, and the Chinese Shar-Pei.

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS) – Old Danish Pointer

Congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder characterised by severe generalized skeletal muscle weakness and fatigue, usually it manifests itself with exertion.

Cerebellar Ataxia (CA1, RALGAPA1-related) – Belgian Shepherd

Cerebellar Ataxia (CA1) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in the Ral GTPase activating protein, alpha subunit 1(RALGAPA1) gene. This gene is involved in the regulation of the activity of two small proteins, RALA and RALB. This regulation is crucial for controlling cellular processes such as growth, migration, and especially neuronal development. RALGAPA1 is highly expressed in areas of the brain that are essential for motor coordination. The mutation causes disruption of normal neuronal signalling and resulting in cerebellar ataxia in specific Belgian shepherd dogs.

Cleft Palate (CP1)

Cleft Palate (CP, CP1) or palatoschisis is a congenital defect that leads to a hole or a slit-shaped connection between the oral cavity and nasal cavity (cleft) in the roof of the mouth (palate). Puppies born with a cleft palate can experience difficulty nursing. They also have greatly increase risk of developing aspiration pneumonia, a serious life-threatening condition.

There are multiple genetic causes of cleft palate and the most common form has been named CP1. The variant tested in this test is caused by a mutation in the DLX6 intron of the genome, which inherits in an autosomal recessive way. It is observed in the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NSDTR) breed.

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